Unit 9: World Englishes
Nội dung ôn tập:
- 1. A. Pronunciation
- 2. B. Vocabulary & Grammar
- 3. C. Speaking
- 4. D. Reading
- 5. E. Writing
Câu 1: Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the others.
Câu 2: Fill in the blank with a suitable word to complete the following sentence:
English is often used as a _______ franca in international business and diplomacy.
English is often used as a _______ franca in international business and diplomacy.
Câu 3: Many people believe that maintaining a standard form of English is important to ensure clear _______ among different countries.
Câu 4: Identify the word that has a different stress pattern from the others in the following list:
preserve, influence, standardize, language.
Câu 5: Despite being a non-native speaker, she speaks English with such fluency that it's hard to tell her mother _______ is not English.
Câu 6: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
Câu 7: Which of the following terms refers to a form of a language that is specific to a particular region or social group, including vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation?
Câu 8: Many people believe that American English is quite _______ British English, especially in terms of vocabulary and pronunciation.
Câu 9: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
Câu 10: The increasing _______ of English as a global language has led to the emergence of many different varieties around the world.
Câu 11: English _______ by more non-native speakers than native speakers worldwide, highlighting its global reach.
Câu 12: Your friend says, 'I find it difficult to understand some accents of English, like Scottish English.' How would you most appropriately respond to show understanding and offer encouragement?
Câu 13: Many non-native speakers find it challenging to distinguish subtle differences ______ pronunciation between British and American English.
Câu 14: What is one piece of advice you would give to someone who wants to improve their ability to understand different English accents?
Câu 15: As English continues to spread globally, new regional _______ of the language are constantly developing, contributing to 'World Englishes'.
Câu 16: What is the term for a language that has developed from a mixture of two or more languages and is used as a first language by a community of speakers?
Câu 17: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition: "Many non-native English speakers adapt the language to suit their local contexts, which often results ______ unique linguistic features."
Câu 18: Your classmate says, "I only want to learn American English because it seems to be the most widely understood." What would be the most appropriate and encouraging response?
Câu 19: In your opinion, why is it important for students to learn about different varieties of English, not just one standard form? (Answer in 1-2 sentences).
Câu 20: Choose the best option to complete the sentence: "If English had remained solely a language of England, it _______ the global lingua franca it is today."
Câu 21: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
World Englishes refer to the various forms of English used in different regions globally, each with its own unique features in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, and even grammar. These varieties have emerged due to historical, cultural, and social factors, as English adapted to local contexts and interacted with other languages. For example, Indian English has words like 'prepone' (meaning to bring forward) which are not common in British or American English.
What is the main reason for the emergence of 'World Englishes' according to the passage?
World Englishes refer to the various forms of English used in different regions globally, each with its own unique features in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, and even grammar. These varieties have emerged due to historical, cultural, and social factors, as English adapted to local contexts and interacted with other languages. For example, Indian English has words like 'prepone' (meaning to bring forward) which are not common in British or American English.
What is the main reason for the emergence of 'World Englishes' according to the passage?
Câu 22: Imagine you are talking to a friend who is learning English. They ask, 'Why is it important for me to try and understand different English accents and not just focus on one?' What is one key reason you would give them to encourage them to be open-minded when listening to and speaking with people from diverse English-speaking backgrounds? (Answer in 1-2 sentences).
Câu 23: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
In some parts of the world, like Singapore, a distinct variety of English known as Singlish has developed. It often incorporates words and grammatical structures from local languages such as Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. For example, speakers might add particles like 'lah' or 'leh' at the end of sentences to convey different nuances or emotions, making it quite unique compared to standard British or American English.
In the passage, the word 'nuances' most likely refers to:
In some parts of the world, like Singapore, a distinct variety of English known as Singlish has developed. It often incorporates words and grammatical structures from local languages such as Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. For example, speakers might add particles like 'lah' or 'leh' at the end of sentences to convey different nuances or emotions, making it quite unique compared to standard British or American English.
In the passage, the word 'nuances' most likely refers to:
Câu 24: You're chatting online with a new friend from Australia. They say, 'I'm just going to chuck a U-ey here,' and you're not sure what 'chuck a U-ey' means. What is the most appropriate way to ask for clarification?
Câu 25: Many texts about World Englishes highlight how different regions adopt and adapt the language. For instance, while British English uses 'lift' for moving between floors, American English uses 'elevator'. Similarly, a 'lorry' in British English is a 'truck' in American English. These lexical differences are common across various English varieties.
Give one example of a common vocabulary difference between British English and American English mentioned or implied in the text. (Answer with one pair of words, e.g., 'lift/elevator').
Give one example of a common vocabulary difference between British English and American English mentioned or implied in the text. (Answer with one pair of words, e.g., 'lift/elevator').
Câu 26: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
English, originally spoken by a relatively small population in England, began its global journey centuries ago through colonization and trade. As British influence spread, English was introduced to various parts of the world. Later, with the rise of the United States, American English also gained significant international prominence. What's fascinating is that as English was adopted by millions of non-native speakers, it began to evolve and adapt to local cultures and languages, leading to the diverse forms we now call World Englishes. This adaptation often involves unique vocabulary, pronunciation, and even grammatical structures that reflect the local linguistic environment.
According to the passage, what played a significant role in the initial spread of English around the world?
English, originally spoken by a relatively small population in England, began its global journey centuries ago through colonization and trade. As British influence spread, English was introduced to various parts of the world. Later, with the rise of the United States, American English also gained significant international prominence. What's fascinating is that as English was adopted by millions of non-native speakers, it began to evolve and adapt to local cultures and languages, leading to the diverse forms we now call World Englishes. This adaptation often involves unique vocabulary, pronunciation, and even grammatical structures that reflect the local linguistic environment.
According to the passage, what played a significant role in the initial spread of English around the world?
Câu 27: When English is used in different countries, it often ______ local words and phrases, making it unique to that region. (Fill in the blank with a suitable verb).
Câu 28: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
Indian English, a prominent variety of English, showcases several unique characteristics. For instance, speakers often use 'do one thing' as an introductory phrase, similar to 'listen' or 'how about this'. Another common feature is the use of 'only' and 'itself' for emphasis, as in 'I came yesterday only' or 'He is there itself'. These elements are not typically found in standard British or American English and highlight how local linguistic patterns can influence the structure of English.
Based on the passage, what is a characteristic of Indian English that differs from standard British or American English?
Indian English, a prominent variety of English, showcases several unique characteristics. For instance, speakers often use 'do one thing' as an introductory phrase, similar to 'listen' or 'how about this'. Another common feature is the use of 'only' and 'itself' for emphasis, as in 'I came yesterday only' or 'He is there itself'. These elements are not typically found in standard British or American English and highlight how local linguistic patterns can influence the structure of English.
Based on the passage, what is a characteristic of Indian English that differs from standard British or American English?
Câu 29: Learning about World Englishes can help you become a more effective global communicator. State one practical skill you can develop by being exposed to different English varieties. (Answer in a short phrase or sentence).
Câu 30: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
The existence of World Englishes means that English is no longer solely owned by its native speakers in the UK or USA. Instead, it has become a global language, adapted and shaped by countless communities worldwide. This linguistic diversity can sometimes lead to communication challenges, especially between speakers of very different varieties. However, it also enriches the language, reflecting diverse cultures and identities. For many, speaking a local variety of English is a way to express their unique cultural background while still participating in global conversations.
What is one positive consequence of the existence of World Englishes mentioned in the passage?
The existence of World Englishes means that English is no longer solely owned by its native speakers in the UK or USA. Instead, it has become a global language, adapted and shaped by countless communities worldwide. This linguistic diversity can sometimes lead to communication challenges, especially between speakers of very different varieties. However, it also enriches the language, reflecting diverse cultures and identities. For many, speaking a local variety of English is a way to express their unique cultural background while still participating in global conversations.
What is one positive consequence of the existence of World Englishes mentioned in the passage?
Câu 31: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
As English travels across the globe, it does more than just pick up new words or change its pronunciation; it often undergoes fascinating grammatical adaptations. In some regions, for example, speakers might use present continuous tenses more frequently than in standard British or American English, or they might form questions without auxiliary verbs in certain contexts. These changes are not errors, but rather reflections of local linguistic influences and the natural evolution of a language when it becomes widely adopted by diverse communities. This constant flux highlights that 'World Englishes' are not merely deviations from a norm, but vibrant, evolving systems in their own right, each contributing to the rich tapestry of the global language.
As English travels across the globe, it does more than just pick up new words or change its pronunciation; it often undergoes fascinating grammatical adaptations. In some regions, for example, speakers might use present continuous tenses more frequently than in standard British or American English, or they might form questions without auxiliary verbs in certain contexts. These changes are not errors, but rather reflections of local linguistic influences and the natural evolution of a language when it becomes widely adopted by diverse communities. This constant flux highlights that 'World Englishes' are not merely deviations from a norm, but vibrant, evolving systems in their own right, each contributing to the rich tapestry of the global language.
Câu 32: Given the diversity of 'World Englishes', explain in one or two sentences why it is challenging to define a single, universally accepted 'Standard English'.
Câu 33: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
The advent of the internet and global digital communication platforms has introduced new dynamics to the evolution of World Englishes. On one hand, increased exposure to various English varieties through social media, streaming services, and online forums can lead to a greater understanding and acceptance of linguistic differences. People might become more accustomed to different accents and vocabulary. On the other hand, the dominance of certain varieties in media (e.g., American English in popular culture) or the need for clear communication in international business might push towards a degree of standardization or the adoption of specific conventions. Ultimately, technology acts as a double-edged sword, both fostering diversity and sometimes subtly encouraging convergence in different contexts.
The advent of the internet and global digital communication platforms has introduced new dynamics to the evolution of World Englishes. On one hand, increased exposure to various English varieties through social media, streaming services, and online forums can lead to a greater understanding and acceptance of linguistic differences. People might become more accustomed to different accents and vocabulary. On the other hand, the dominance of certain varieties in media (e.g., American English in popular culture) or the need for clear communication in international business might push towards a degree of standardization or the adoption of specific conventions. Ultimately, technology acts as a double-edged sword, both fostering diversity and sometimes subtly encouraging convergence in different contexts.
Câu 34: Imagine you are preparing a presentation for an international audience, many of whom are non-native English speakers. In one sentence, what is one key consideration regarding your language choice and clarity that you should keep in mind, knowing about 'World Englishes'?
Câu 35: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
One of the fascinating aspects of World Englishes is how speakers from different varieties manage to communicate effectively despite their unique linguistic features. While a distinct accent or a few unfamiliar words might initially pose a challenge, the core grammatical structures and a large portion of vocabulary remain mutually intelligible. This shared foundation allows for successful cross-cultural communication. It suggests that while English is diverse, it largely retains a level of commonality that enables global understanding, rather than fragmenting into completely separate languages. The key lies in the balance between local identity and global comprehensibility.
One of the fascinating aspects of World Englishes is how speakers from different varieties manage to communicate effectively despite their unique linguistic features. While a distinct accent or a few unfamiliar words might initially pose a challenge, the core grammatical structures and a large portion of vocabulary remain mutually intelligible. This shared foundation allows for successful cross-cultural communication. It suggests that while English is diverse, it largely retains a level of commonality that enables global understanding, rather than fragmenting into completely separate languages. The key lies in the balance between local identity and global comprehensibility.
Câu 36: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
Linguist Braj Kachru proposed a model to classify the spread of English into three concentric circles. The 'Inner Circle' consists of countries where English is the primary language (e.g., UK, USA). The 'Outer Circle' includes countries where English has an official status and plays a significant role in institutions, often due to colonial history, and where it has developed local varieties (e.g., India, Nigeria). Finally, the 'Expanding Circle' refers to countries where English is learned as a foreign language for international communication (e.g., Vietnam, China).
According to Kachru's model, which of the following countries would typically be categorized in the 'Outer Circle'?
Linguist Braj Kachru proposed a model to classify the spread of English into three concentric circles. The 'Inner Circle' consists of countries where English is the primary language (e.g., UK, USA). The 'Outer Circle' includes countries where English has an official status and plays a significant role in institutions, often due to colonial history, and where it has developed local varieties (e.g., India, Nigeria). Finally, the 'Expanding Circle' refers to countries where English is learned as a foreign language for international communication (e.g., Vietnam, China).
According to Kachru's model, which of the following countries would typically be categorized in the 'Outer Circle'?
Câu 37: Your friend is frustrated because they find it hard to understand people with different English accents. Write one sentence of advice to encourage them to be patient and open-minded, explaining why it's a valuable skill in a world of 'World Englishes'.
Câu 38: Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
In many parts of Africa, English has absorbed words from local languages, enriching its vocabulary and reflecting unique cultural contexts. For example, in Nigerian English, you might hear 'kola nut' (a stimulant often shared in social rituals) or 'dash' (meaning a tip or small gift). These words are not typically found in British or American English but are perfectly understood within the Nigerian context, showing how English adapts to its environment.
Based on the passage, give one example of a word from Nigerian English that has been absorbed from a local language, and explain its general meaning in English.
In many parts of Africa, English has absorbed words from local languages, enriching its vocabulary and reflecting unique cultural contexts. For example, in Nigerian English, you might hear 'kola nut' (a stimulant often shared in social rituals) or 'dash' (meaning a tip or small gift). These words are not typically found in British or American English but are perfectly understood within the Nigerian context, showing how English adapts to its environment.
Based on the passage, give one example of a word from Nigerian English that has been absorbed from a local language, and explain its general meaning in English.
Câu 39: You are reading an article online written by someone from Canada, and you encounter the phrase "double-double" which you don't recognize. What is the most appropriate initial reaction or strategy?
Câu 40: Which of the following sentences best describes the idea that English has become a global language, adapted and used by diverse communities worldwide?
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