Unit 3. Cities of the future
Nội dung ôn tập:
- 1. Pronunciation
- 2. Vocabulary
- 3. Grammar
- 4. Reading
- 5. Speaking
- 6. Writing
Câu 1: Choose the word whose primary stress is placed on a different syllable from that of the others.
Câu 2: Future cities aim to be more _______, utilizing renewable energy and green spaces to protect the environment. (Fill in the blank with an adjective that means 'bền vững')
Câu 3: In the context of 'Cities of the Future', what does the term 'smart grid' primarily refer to?
Câu 4: Trong các từ sau, từ nào chứa âm /juː/ (như trong từ 'cute' hoặc 'music')?
List: city, future, technology, urban
List: city, future, technology, urban
Câu 5: What is a common term for areas within a city that are dedicated to parks, gardens, and other natural or semi-natural environments?
Câu 6: Choose the word whose primary stress is placed on a different syllable from that of the others.
Câu 7: To ensure a clean environment, future cities will need advanced waste _______ systems to handle waste effectively.
Câu 8: In the context of 'Cities of the Future', what does 'telecommuting' primarily refer to?
Câu 9: How many syllables are there in the word 'infrastructure'?
Câu 10: Which of the following terms is NOT typically considered a positive characteristic or goal for 'Cities of the Future'?
Câu 11: In the context of 'Cities of the Future', what does 'vertical farming' primarily aim to achieve?
Câu 12: Choose the best option to complete the following conditional sentence:
"If cities _______ more on renewable energy sources, they _______ their carbon emissions significantly."
"If cities _______ more on renewable energy sources, they _______ their carbon emissions significantly."
Câu 13: What adjective describes a city or community that produces all the energy it needs from renewable sources and effectively manages its own waste without relying on outside resources?
Câu 14: Rewrite the following sentence in the future passive voice:
"Experts predict that autonomous vehicles will transport most citizens in future cities."
"Experts predict that autonomous vehicles will transport most citizens in future cities."
Câu 15: Many cities are investing in smart _______ to monitor and control urban services like traffic, lighting, and waste collection more efficiently.
Câu 16: Choose the best option to complete the following conditional sentence:
"If cities _______ more green spaces, their residents _______ a better quality of life."
"If cities _______ more green spaces, their residents _______ a better quality of life."
Câu 17: Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice:
"City planners should implement more pedestrian-friendly zones in the downtown area."
"City planners should implement more pedestrian-friendly zones in the downtown area."
Câu 18: Read the following passage and choose the option that best states its main idea:
"Many future cities are designed to be 'walkable cities,' where daily necessities and services are within a short walking distance from residential areas. This concept aims to reduce reliance on private cars, promote healthier lifestyles, and minimize carbon emissions. Public transport networks are also integrated to connect further districts efficiently, making urban mobility sustainable and convenient for all citizens."
"Many future cities are designed to be 'walkable cities,' where daily necessities and services are within a short walking distance from residential areas. This concept aims to reduce reliance on private cars, promote healthier lifestyles, and minimize carbon emissions. Public transport networks are also integrated to connect further districts efficiently, making urban mobility sustainable and convenient for all citizens."
Câu 19: Read the following passage carefully:
"In smart cities, advanced sensor networks are deployed throughout urban environments. These sensors collect real-time data on traffic flow, air quality, waste levels, and energy consumption. This data is then analyzed by AI systems to optimize city services, such as adjusting traffic lights to ease congestion, deploying waste collection trucks more efficiently, and managing energy grids to prevent outages. The goal is to make urban operations more responsive and resource-efficient."
According to the passage, what specific types of data do sensor networks collect to optimize city services? (List at least three types)
"In smart cities, advanced sensor networks are deployed throughout urban environments. These sensors collect real-time data on traffic flow, air quality, waste levels, and energy consumption. This data is then analyzed by AI systems to optimize city services, such as adjusting traffic lights to ease congestion, deploying waste collection trucks more efficiently, and managing energy grids to prevent outages. The goal is to make urban operations more responsive and resource-efficient."
According to the passage, what specific types of data do sensor networks collect to optimize city services? (List at least three types)
Câu 20: Based on the information in the passage from question 19, what is the ultimate purpose of analyzing the data collected by sensor networks in smart cities?
Câu 21: Read the following passage:
"One innovative concept for future cities is the integration of 'urban forests' or extensive green infrastructure directly into building designs and public spaces. These aren't just decorative; they are engineered to improve air quality, manage stormwater runoff, reduce urban heat island effects, and support biodiversity. This approach moves beyond simple parks to make greenery an integral part of the city's living structure."
What is the primary purpose of integrating 'urban forests' into future city designs, according to the passage?
"One innovative concept for future cities is the integration of 'urban forests' or extensive green infrastructure directly into building designs and public spaces. These aren't just decorative; they are engineered to improve air quality, manage stormwater runoff, reduce urban heat island effects, and support biodiversity. This approach moves beyond simple parks to make greenery an integral part of the city's living structure."
What is the primary purpose of integrating 'urban forests' into future city designs, according to the passage?
Câu 22: Read the following passage carefully:
"In many discussions about future cities, the concept of 'digital twins' is frequently mentioned. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical city, or parts of it, created using real-time data from sensors and other sources. This virtual model allows urban planners to simulate various scenarios, test new infrastructure projects, and predict the impact of policy changes before they are implemented in the physical world. It helps optimize city operations and anticipate potential problems."
According to the passage, what is one significant benefit of using 'digital twins' in urban planning?
"In many discussions about future cities, the concept of 'digital twins' is frequently mentioned. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical city, or parts of it, created using real-time data from sensors and other sources. This virtual model allows urban planners to simulate various scenarios, test new infrastructure projects, and predict the impact of policy changes before they are implemented in the physical world. It helps optimize city operations and anticipate potential problems."
According to the passage, what is one significant benefit of using 'digital twins' in urban planning?
Câu 23: A group of students is discussing the challenges of building future cities. One student says: "I think the biggest challenge will be ensuring that all citizens, regardless of their income, can benefit from smart city technologies."
Which of the following statements best expresses agreement and elaborates on this point?
Which of the following statements best expresses agreement and elaborates on this point?
Câu 24: Imagine you are giving a presentation on "My Vision for a Future City." Describe one innovative feature or service you would most like to see implemented to improve daily life for its residents. Explain why this feature is important.
Câu 25: You are asked for your opinion on how future cities can encourage healthier lifestyles. Which of the following suggestions would be most effective?
Câu 26: Read the following passage carefully:
"In future cities, smart homes will be seamlessly integrated into a larger urban network. These homes will feature advanced automation systems that learn residents' habits and optimize energy consumption, adjust lighting, and even pre-order groceries. Beyond individual comfort, these smart homes will communicate with the city's central AI, allowing for more efficient management of electricity grids, water supply, and waste collection across the entire urban area. This interconnectedness aims to create a highly responsive and resource-efficient living environment."
According to the passage, what is the primary benefit of smart homes communicating with the city's central AI?
"In future cities, smart homes will be seamlessly integrated into a larger urban network. These homes will feature advanced automation systems that learn residents' habits and optimize energy consumption, adjust lighting, and even pre-order groceries. Beyond individual comfort, these smart homes will communicate with the city's central AI, allowing for more efficient management of electricity grids, water supply, and waste collection across the entire urban area. This interconnectedness aims to create a highly responsive and resource-efficient living environment."
According to the passage, what is the primary benefit of smart homes communicating with the city's central AI?
Câu 27: A group of students is discussing priorities for building future cities.
Student A: "If you could only choose one major improvement for a future city, what would it be?"
Student B: "I'd definitely prioritize a comprehensive, eco-friendly public transport system. It would drastically reduce traffic and pollution."
Which of the following statements best supports Student B's opinion by elaborating on its broader impact?
Student A: "If you could only choose one major improvement for a future city, what would it be?"
Student B: "I'd definitely prioritize a comprehensive, eco-friendly public transport system. It would drastically reduce traffic and pollution."
Which of the following statements best supports Student B's opinion by elaborating on its broader impact?
Câu 28: Read the following passage carefully:
"In many future cities, especially those in arid regions, water scarcity is a major concern. Innovative solutions are being developed, such as advanced desalination plants that convert seawater into fresh water using renewable energy. Additionally, 'greywater recycling systems' are becoming standard in residential and commercial buildings. These systems treat wastewater from sinks, showers, and laundry for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and irrigation, significantly reducing the demand for fresh water supplies."
Besides desalination, what specific system is mentioned in the passage to help future cities conserve fresh water by reusing wastewater?
"In many future cities, especially those in arid regions, water scarcity is a major concern. Innovative solutions are being developed, such as advanced desalination plants that convert seawater into fresh water using renewable energy. Additionally, 'greywater recycling systems' are becoming standard in residential and commercial buildings. These systems treat wastewater from sinks, showers, and laundry for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and irrigation, significantly reducing the demand for fresh water supplies."
Besides desalination, what specific system is mentioned in the passage to help future cities conserve fresh water by reusing wastewater?
Câu 29: Imagine a future city where almost everything is connected and monitored by AI. What is one potential drawback or ethical concern you might have about living in such a city? (Give a short answer)
Câu 30: Imagine you are a consultant advising a city council on developing a new district in a future city. The council is debating between two main strategies: one focusing heavily on advanced technological infrastructure (smart sensors, AI-driven services) and another prioritizing extensive community-centric green spaces and pedestrian zones. Which strategy would you emphasize to ensure a high quality of life for residents, and why?
Câu 31: Hai học sinh, Lan và Mai, đang thảo luận về 'smart streetlights' (đèn đường thông minh) trong các thành phố tương lai. Lan giải thích rằng đèn đường thông minh có thể điều chỉnh độ sáng dựa trên lưu lượng giao thông và chuyển động của người đi bộ theo thời gian thực, giúp tiết kiệm năng lượng. Mai muốn thể hiện sự hiểu biết và hỏi về một vấn đề tiềm ẩn.
Câu trả lời nào sau đây của Mai là phù hợp nhất để thể hiện sự hiểu biết và hỏi về một thách thức tiềm ẩn?
Câu trả lời nào sau đây của Mai là phù hợp nhất để thể hiện sự hiểu biết và hỏi về một thách thức tiềm ẩn?
Câu 32: Hãy tưởng tượng bạn đang viết một đoạn văn ngắn về cách các thành phố tương lai có thể tận dụng 'công nghệ drone' (máy bay không người lái) cho các dịch vụ khác nhau, như giao hàng hoặc giám sát. Hãy cung cấp một câu chủ đề (topic sentence) phù hợp (1 câu) cho đoạn văn này.
Câu 33: Bạn đang thảo luận về khái niệm 'zero-waste cities' (thành phố không rác thải) với một người bạn. Người bạn của bạn bày tỏ sự nghi ngờ, nói rằng: 'Nghe có vẻ hay, nhưng đạt được không rác thải dường như là điều không thể ở một thành phố lớn. Làm sao chúng ta có thể bắt đầu được?'
Câu trả lời nào sau đây sẽ hiệu quả nhất để thuyết phục bạn của bạn và nêu bật một bước đi thực tế đầu tiên hoặc lợi ích?
Câu trả lời nào sau đây sẽ hiệu quả nhất để thuyết phục bạn của bạn và nêu bật một bước đi thực tế đầu tiên hoặc lợi ích?
Câu 34: Đọc hai câu sau về 'hệ thống giao thông công cộng thông minh' trong các thành phố tương lai:
1. Smart public transportation systems use real-time data to optimize routes and schedules.
2. They can significantly reduce traffic congestion and commuter travel times.
Lựa chọn nào kết nối hai câu này tốt nhất để thể hiện mối quan hệ nguyên nhân-kết quả trực tiếp?
1. Smart public transportation systems use real-time data to optimize routes and schedules.
2. They can significantly reduce traffic congestion and commuter travel times.
Lựa chọn nào kết nối hai câu này tốt nhất để thể hiện mối quan hệ nguyên nhân-kết quả trực tiếp?
Câu 35: Viết một câu kết luận ngắn gọn (1 câu) cho một đoạn văn thảo luận về tầm quan trọng của 'quy hoạch đô thị bền vững' trong các thành phố tương lai, tập trung vào việc tạo ra những cộng đồng đáng sống, thân thiện với môi trường cho tất cả cư dân.
Câu 36: Two students, Minh and Hoa, are discussing the concept of 'underground cities' for future urban development.
Minh says: "I think building cities underground is a brilliant idea! It would save a lot of surface space and protect residents from extreme weather."
Which of the following statements best expresses a reservation or potential drawback to Minh's idea?
Minh says: "I think building cities underground is a brilliant idea! It would save a lot of surface space and protect residents from extreme weather."
Which of the following statements best expresses a reservation or potential drawback to Minh's idea?
Câu 37: Imagine you are a city planner presenting a vision for a future city. You need to address the challenge of ensuring public safety without overly relying on surveillance. What is one alternative or complementary measure you would propose to create a safer urban environment? (Write a brief sentence.)
Câu 38: Choose the best transition word or phrase to complete the following sentence, connecting two ideas about future city development:
"Future cities are investing heavily in renewable energy sources; _______, they are also developing advanced waste-to-energy facilities to manage refuse sustainably."
"Future cities are investing heavily in renewable energy sources; _______, they are also developing advanced waste-to-energy facilities to manage refuse sustainably."
Câu 39: In the context of 'smart cities', explain the main benefit of implementing 'predictive maintenance' for urban infrastructure (e.g., roads, bridges, water pipes). (Write one to two sentences).
Câu 40: You are writing an essay about the importance of 'citizen participation' in designing future cities. Which of the following would be the most effective topic sentence to introduce a paragraph discussing how citizen feedback can lead to more inclusive urban planning?
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