Unit 10. The ecosystem
Nội dung ôn tập:
- 1. Pronunciation
- 2. Vocabulary
- 3. Grammar
- 4. Reading
- 5. Speaking
- 6. Writing
Câu 1: Choose the word whose stressed syllable is different from the others.
Câu 2: The rapid destruction of rainforests leads to a significant loss of __________.
Câu 3: What is the term for a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment?
Câu 4: Choose the word that has a different 'ea' sound from the others.
Câu 5: Many __________ species are now facing the risk of extinction due to human activities.
Câu 6: Choose the word whose stressed syllable is different from the others.
Câu 7: What is the term for the clearing of forests by logging or burning, leading to environmental damage?
Câu 8: The government is promoting _____ practices to ensure natural resources are available for future generations.
Câu 9: Choose the word whose 'th' sound is pronounced differently from the others.
Câu 10: The increase in global temperatures is primarily caused by the emission of greenhouse ______ into the atmosphere.
Câu 11: Many species are facing extinction because their natural __________ are being destroyed by human activities.
Câu 12: The Amazon rainforest, __________ is often called the 'lungs of the Earth', plays a crucial role in regulating global climate.
Câu 13: The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment, causing adverse effects, is widely known as __________.
Câu 14: Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice: 'Many industries release toxic waste into rivers.'
Câu 15: To effectively __________ environmental problems, governments and individuals must work together.
Câu 16: If humans had implemented more sustainable agricultural practices decades ago, the significant loss of soil fertility and biodiversity in many regions ___________.
Câu 17: The melting of polar ice caps is a clear sign of climate change, leading to rising sea levels and threatening the unique ______ of species like polar bears.
Câu 18: Many environmental organizations advocate (to protect/protecting) endangered species through international cooperation.
(Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc)
(Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc)
Câu 19: Coral reefs, often called the 'rainforests of the sea', are incredibly diverse ecosystems that support a quarter of all marine life. They protect coastlines from erosion, provide food and new medicines, and are vital for the fishing industry. However, they are highly vulnerable to ocean acidification and rising sea temperatures caused by climate change. Urgent conservation efforts are needed to preserve these invaluable natural structures.
According to the text, what is one major benefit that coral reefs provide to coastlines?
According to the text, what is one major benefit that coral reefs provide to coastlines?
Câu 20: The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, indicate a significant disruption to natural ecosystems.
What can be inferred about the relationship between extreme weather events and ecosystems from the statement above?
What can be inferred about the relationship between extreme weather events and ecosystems from the statement above?
Câu 21: Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn đáp án đúng nhất.
Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems found along tropical and subtropical coastlines. They are highly valuable because their dense root systems help stabilize shorelines, preventing erosion from waves and storms. Mangroves also serve as crucial nurseries for many fish, crab, and shrimp species, supporting coastal fisheries. Furthermore, they are excellent carbon sinks, absorbing significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus playing a role in mitigating climate change.
What is one primary ecological service that mangrove forests provide by stabilizing shorelines?
Câu 22: Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho từ được gạch chân.
Plastic pollution poses a severe threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. Microplastics, tiny fragments resulting from the breakdown of larger plastic items, are particularly insidious. They are ingested by marine organisms, from plankton to whales, entering the food chain and potentially causing physical harm or transferring toxic chemicals. This widespread contamination not only affects marine life but also has implications for human health.
The word "insidious" in the passage most likely means:
Câu 23: Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi.
In any ecosystem, organisms are connected through food webs, which illustrate the flow of energy. Producers, like plants, form the base by creating their own food through photosynthesis. Herbivores are primary consumers, feeding on producers. Carnivores, such as lions or eagles, are secondary or tertiary consumers, preying on other animals. Decomposers, like bacteria and fungi, break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil for producers.
What role do bacteria and fungi play in an ecosystem's food web?
Câu 24: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau với câu trả lời phù hợp nhất.
You are discussing environmental problems with your friend, Lan.
Lan: "I'm really worried about the impact of human activities on wildlife habitats. So many animals are losing their homes."
You: "____________"
Câu 25: Imagine you are giving a short presentation to your classmates about protecting local ecosystems. What is one specific action you would encourage them to take, and why is it important?
Câu 26: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Every human activity, from consuming food to using electricity, leaves an 'ecological footprint' – a measure of the demand placed on the Earth's natural resources. When our collective footprint exceeds the Earth's 'carrying capacity', the maximum population size that the environment can sustain indefinitely, ecosystems begin to degrade. Understanding and reducing our individual and collective footprints are crucial steps towards achieving sustainable living and preserving the health of our planet.
What is the primary concern when humanity's 'ecological footprint' exceeds the Earth's 'carrying capacity'?
Every human activity, from consuming food to using electricity, leaves an 'ecological footprint' – a measure of the demand placed on the Earth's natural resources. When our collective footprint exceeds the Earth's 'carrying capacity', the maximum population size that the environment can sustain indefinitely, ecosystems begin to degrade. Understanding and reducing our individual and collective footprints are crucial steps towards achieving sustainable living and preserving the health of our planet.
What is the primary concern when humanity's 'ecological footprint' exceeds the Earth's 'carrying capacity'?
Câu 27: As a high school student, what is one practical action you can take in your daily life to help protect local ecosystems, and why do you think it is effective?
Câu 28: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Desertification is a process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. It does not refer to the expansion of existing deserts but to the degradation of land in drylands. This process reduces the productivity of land, leading to food insecurity, poverty, and displacement of populations, severely impacting local ecosystems.
According to the passage, what is one significant consequence of desertification on human populations?
Desertification is a process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. It does not refer to the expansion of existing deserts but to the degradation of land in drylands. This process reduces the productivity of land, leading to food insecurity, poverty, and displacement of populations, severely impacting local ecosystems.
According to the passage, what is one significant consequence of desertification on human populations?
Câu 29: Why is it important for humans to consider their ethical responsibility towards protecting all species, not just those directly beneficial to them, within an ecosystem?
Câu 30: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Wetlands, such as marshes, swamps, and bogs, are incredibly diverse and productive ecosystems. They act as natural sponges, absorbing floodwaters and releasing them slowly, which helps to prevent flooding and drought. They also filter pollutants from water, improving water quality, and provide critical habitats for a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which are endangered. Despite their immense value, wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems globally.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of wetlands in the passage?
Wetlands, such as marshes, swamps, and bogs, are incredibly diverse and productive ecosystems. They act as natural sponges, absorbing floodwaters and releasing them slowly, which helps to prevent flooding and drought. They also filter pollutants from water, improving water quality, and provide critical habitats for a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which are endangered. Despite their immense value, wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems globally.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of wetlands in the passage?
Câu 31: Bạn và một người bạn đang thảo luận về ô nhiễm không khí ở thành phố. Bạn của bạn nói: "I'm really worried about the air quality in our city. It seems to get worse every year."
Bạn sẽ trả lời như thế nào để thể hiện sự đồng tình và gợi ý một giải pháp cá nhân?
Bạn sẽ trả lời như thế nào để thể hiện sự đồng tình và gợi ý một giải pháp cá nhân?
Câu 32: Bạn đang chuẩn bị cho một buổi tranh luận ở trường về chủ đề "Khai thác tài nguyên thiên nhiên là cần thiết cho sự phát triển kinh tế, bất kể hậu quả môi trường". Hãy viết một câu phản biện chính (main argument) của bạn chống lại quan điểm này, và nêu một lý do ngắn gọn.
Câu 33: Chọn từ nối (linking word) phù hợp nhất để hoàn thành câu sau, giúp đoạn văn về hệ sinh thái mạch lạc hơn:
"Coral reefs provide habitats for countless marine species and protect coastlines from erosion. __________, they are also crucial for the fishing industry and can be a source of new medicines."
"Coral reefs provide habitats for countless marine species and protect coastlines from erosion. __________, they are also crucial for the fishing industry and can be a source of new medicines."
Câu 34: Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn câu kết luận (concluding sentence) phù hợp nhất:
"The Amazon rainforest, often called the 'lungs of the Earth', is a vital global ecosystem. It produces a significant portion of the world's oxygen, absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, and is home to an incredible diversity of plant and animal species. Deforestation and climate change pose severe threats to its continued existence, impacting not only local communities but also the entire planet."
"The Amazon rainforest, often called the 'lungs of the Earth', is a vital global ecosystem. It produces a significant portion of the world's oxygen, absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, and is home to an incredible diversity of plant and animal species. Deforestation and climate change pose severe threats to its continued existence, impacting not only local communities but also the entire planet."
Câu 35: Hãy giải thích ngắn gọn (trong 1-2 câu) tầm quan trọng của việc duy trì sự đa dạng sinh học (biodiversity) trong một hệ sinh thái.
Câu 36: Bạn và một người bạn đang thảo luận về việc tham gia một sự kiện dọn dẹp môi trường ở công viên địa phương. Bạn của bạn có vẻ do dự. Bạn sẽ nói gì để thuyết phục họ tham gia?
Câu 37: Bạn đang viết một bài báo ngắn cho báo trường về tầm quan trọng của việc bảo vệ các con sông và hồ địa phương. Hãy viết một câu mở đầu (topic sentence) thật hấp dẫn để thu hút sự chú ý của độc giả.
Câu 38: Trong một cuộc thảo luận nhóm về biến đổi khí hậu, một bạn học sinh nói: 'I don't think individual actions like recycling or saving energy really make a difference. The problem is too big.' Bạn sẽ phản hồi như thế nào để phản bác ý kiến này và nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của đóng góp cá nhân?
Câu 39: Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn câu kết luận (concluding sentence) phù hợp nhất:
"Deforestation, particularly in tropical regions, has devastating consequences for both the environment and human societies. It leads to significant loss of biodiversity, disrupts local weather patterns, and contributes to climate change. Moreover, indigenous communities, who often rely directly on these forests for their livelihoods and cultural heritage, face displacement and loss of traditional knowledge."
"Deforestation, particularly in tropical regions, has devastating consequences for both the environment and human societies. It leads to significant loss of biodiversity, disrupts local weather patterns, and contributes to climate change. Moreover, indigenous communities, who often rely directly on these forests for their livelihoods and cultural heritage, face displacement and loss of traditional knowledge."
Câu 40: Trong sinh thái học, khái niệm 'ecological niche' (ổ sinh thái) rất quan trọng. Hãy giải thích ngắn gọn (trong 1-2 câu) 'ecological niche' là gì trong bối cảnh một hệ sinh thái.
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