Unit 5. Global warming
Nội dung ôn tập:
- 1. Pronunciation
- 2. Vocabulary
- 3. Grammar
- 4. Reading
- 5. Speaking
- 6. Writing
Câu 1: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
Câu 2: The melting of polar ice caps is a direct ______ of global warming.
Câu 3: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others. Write down the word.
A. change
B. chemical
C. character
D. chaos
A. change
B. chemical
C. character
D. chaos
Câu 4: Which of the following terms refers to the process by which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat, leading to an increase in the planet's temperature?
Câu 5: Many scientists believe that human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, are the primary cause of global ______.
Câu 6: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
Câu 7: Many countries are working to develop ______ energy sources to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
Câu 8: The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as severe droughts and floods, is a clear sign of climate ______.
Câu 9: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
Câu 10: Name one greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming.
Câu 11: If governments had taken stronger action decades ago, the impact of global warming ______ less severe today.
Câu 12: To mitigate the effects of climate change, we must ______ our reliance on fossil fuels and promote cleaner energy.
Câu 13: Millions of trees (plant) ______ by volunteers every year to absorb carbon dioxide.
(Fill in the correct form of the verb in parentheses.)
(Fill in the correct form of the verb in parentheses.)
Câu 14: The ______ of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect.
Câu 15: The report ______ by the UN warns about the irreversible damage of global warming.
(Use a suitable form of the verb 'publish' to complete the sentence, using a reduced relative clause.)
(Use a suitable form of the verb 'publish' to complete the sentence, using a reduced relative clause.)
Câu 16: Choose the best option to complete the sentence, showing inversion.
Rarely ______ such a serious threat to humanity as global warming.
Rarely ______ such a serious threat to humanity as global warming.
Câu 17: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Coral reefs, often called the 'rainforests of the sea', are incredibly diverse ecosystems. However, they are highly vulnerable to global warming. Rising ocean temperatures cause corals to expel the algae living in their tissues, leading to coral bleaching. If bleaching is severe and prolonged, the corals die. This loss not only devastates marine biodiversity but also impacts coastal protection and the livelihoods of millions who depend on healthy reefs for food and tourism.
According to the passage, what is the primary cause of coral bleaching?
Coral reefs, often called the 'rainforests of the sea', are incredibly diverse ecosystems. However, they are highly vulnerable to global warming. Rising ocean temperatures cause corals to expel the algae living in their tissues, leading to coral bleaching. If bleaching is severe and prolonged, the corals die. This loss not only devastates marine biodiversity but also impacts coastal protection and the livelihoods of millions who depend on healthy reefs for food and tourism.
According to the passage, what is the primary cause of coral bleaching?
Câu 18: Rewrite the sentence in reported speech, starting with 'The climate scientist urged that...'
The climate scientist said, 'We must drastically reduce carbon emissions by 2030 to avoid irreversible damage.'
The climate scientist said, 'We must drastically reduce carbon emissions by 2030 to avoid irreversible damage.'
Câu 19: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
One promising solution to global warming is the widespread adoption of offshore wind farms. These facilities harness the strong, consistent winds found over the ocean to generate electricity. Unlike land-based wind turbines, offshore farms can be built on a larger scale and often face less public opposition due to their remote location. While the initial investment and maintenance costs are significant, the potential for clean, renewable energy is immense, contributing significantly to reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
What is one key advantage of offshore wind farms mentioned in the passage?
One promising solution to global warming is the widespread adoption of offshore wind farms. These facilities harness the strong, consistent winds found over the ocean to generate electricity. Unlike land-based wind turbines, offshore farms can be built on a larger scale and often face less public opposition due to their remote location. While the initial investment and maintenance costs are significant, the potential for clean, renewable energy is immense, contributing significantly to reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
What is one key advantage of offshore wind farms mentioned in the passage?
Câu 20: Read the passage and answer the question.
Global warming is causing sea levels to rise at an accelerating rate, primarily due to the thermal expansion of ocean water and the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. This rise poses a significant threat to low-lying coastal areas and island nations. As sea levels climb, coastal erosion intensifies, freshwater sources become contaminated by saltwater intrusion, and storm surges become more destructive, displacing communities and damaging infrastructure.
Based on the passage, name one specific consequence of rising sea levels for coastal areas.
Global warming is causing sea levels to rise at an accelerating rate, primarily due to the thermal expansion of ocean water and the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. This rise poses a significant threat to low-lying coastal areas and island nations. As sea levels climb, coastal erosion intensifies, freshwater sources become contaminated by saltwater intrusion, and storm surges become more destructive, displacing communities and damaging infrastructure.
Based on the passage, name one specific consequence of rising sea levels for coastal areas.
Câu 21: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
The Silent Retreat of Glaciers
Glaciers, massive bodies of ice, play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and water cycle. They store about three-quarters of the world's freshwater and reflect sunlight, helping to regulate global temperatures. However, due to global warming, glaciers worldwide are melting at an unprecedented rate. This retreat has several severe consequences: it contributes to rising sea levels, threatens freshwater supplies for communities that rely on glacial meltwater, and alters ecosystems. For instance, some unique species of algae and microbes that thrive in glacial environments are disappearing, impacting the food chain. The loss of reflective ice also means more sunlight is absorbed by darker land or ocean surfaces, accelerating warming in a feedback loop. Scientists are increasingly concerned about the pace of this melting and its long-term implications for humanity and biodiversity.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of glacier melt?
The Silent Retreat of Glaciers
Glaciers, massive bodies of ice, play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and water cycle. They store about three-quarters of the world's freshwater and reflect sunlight, helping to regulate global temperatures. However, due to global warming, glaciers worldwide are melting at an unprecedented rate. This retreat has several severe consequences: it contributes to rising sea levels, threatens freshwater supplies for communities that rely on glacial meltwater, and alters ecosystems. For instance, some unique species of algae and microbes that thrive in glacial environments are disappearing, impacting the food chain. The loss of reflective ice also means more sunlight is absorbed by darker land or ocean surfaces, accelerating warming in a feedback loop. Scientists are increasingly concerned about the pace of this melting and its long-term implications for humanity and biodiversity.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of glacier melt?
Câu 22: Read the passage and answer the question.
Urban Green Spaces and Climate Resilience
As global warming intensifies, cities are facing increased challenges such as urban heat islands, flash floods, and air pollution. One effective strategy to mitigate these impacts and enhance urban resilience is the integration of more green spaces like parks, rooftop gardens, and urban forests. These green areas help cool cities by providing shade and through evapotranspiration. They also absorb rainwater, reducing the risk of flooding, and filter air pollutants, improving air quality. Furthermore, urban green spaces promote biodiversity and offer recreational benefits, contributing to the well-being of city residents. Investing in and expanding these natural infrastructures is crucial for creating healthier, more sustainable cities in the face of a changing climate.
Based on the passage, name two distinct benefits of urban green spaces in combating the effects of global warming.
Urban Green Spaces and Climate Resilience
As global warming intensifies, cities are facing increased challenges such as urban heat islands, flash floods, and air pollution. One effective strategy to mitigate these impacts and enhance urban resilience is the integration of more green spaces like parks, rooftop gardens, and urban forests. These green areas help cool cities by providing shade and through evapotranspiration. They also absorb rainwater, reducing the risk of flooding, and filter air pollutants, improving air quality. Furthermore, urban green spaces promote biodiversity and offer recreational benefits, contributing to the well-being of city residents. Investing in and expanding these natural infrastructures is crucial for creating healthier, more sustainable cities in the face of a changing climate.
Based on the passage, name two distinct benefits of urban green spaces in combating the effects of global warming.
Câu 23: You are preparing a short speech to persuade your classmates to adopt more sustainable habits to combat global warming. Which of the following opening statements would be MOST effective in immediately grabbing their attention and setting a persuasive tone?
Câu 24: During a group discussion about individual responsibility in addressing global warming, a classmate says, 'Honestly, I don't think my small actions, like recycling or turning off lights, really make any difference in such a massive global problem.' How would you most effectively respond to encourage them to reconsider their perspective?
Câu 25: Imagine you are asked to give a short impromptu speech (30-60 seconds) on the topic: 'The role of technology in fighting global warming.' What would be two main points you would quickly outline to make your speech informative and impactful?
Câu 26: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Global warming presents a significant threat to global food security. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns are making it harder for many regions to grow staple crops like corn, wheat, and rice. Droughts are becoming more frequent and severe in some areas, while others face increased flooding. Furthermore, warmer climates can lead to the proliferation of agricultural pests and diseases, which can decimate harvests. Farmers are struggling to adapt, often facing reduced yields and economic hardship, which in turn can drive up food prices and exacerbate hunger, especially in developing countries.
Which of the following best summarizes the main concern expressed in the passage regarding global warming?
Global warming presents a significant threat to global food security. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns are making it harder for many regions to grow staple crops like corn, wheat, and rice. Droughts are becoming more frequent and severe in some areas, while others face increased flooding. Furthermore, warmer climates can lead to the proliferation of agricultural pests and diseases, which can decimate harvests. Farmers are struggling to adapt, often facing reduced yields and economic hardship, which in turn can drive up food prices and exacerbate hunger, especially in developing countries.
Which of the following best summarizes the main concern expressed in the passage regarding global warming?
Câu 27: During a class debate on climate action, your classmate argues, 'I think it's pointless for individuals to make small changes like saving electricity or using less plastic. Only big government policies and international agreements can truly solve global warming.' You disagree and want to emphasize the importance of individual contributions. Which of the following would be the most effective and polite way to express your disagreement and support your point?
Câu 28: Read the passage and answer the question.
The fight against global warming requires unprecedented international cooperation. Agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to unite nations in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, achieving consensus among diverse countries, each with its own economic interests and development priorities, is a significant challenge. Developing nations often argue that industrialized countries, historically responsible for most emissions, should bear a greater burden. Despite these difficulties, global efforts are essential because climate change transcends national borders; emissions from one country affect all others, and impacts like rising sea levels or extreme weather events demand a unified response. Without shared commitment, individual national efforts may prove insufficient.
Based on the passage, what is one significant challenge faced when trying to achieve international cooperation to combat global warming?
The fight against global warming requires unprecedented international cooperation. Agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to unite nations in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, achieving consensus among diverse countries, each with its own economic interests and development priorities, is a significant challenge. Developing nations often argue that industrialized countries, historically responsible for most emissions, should bear a greater burden. Despite these difficulties, global efforts are essential because climate change transcends national borders; emissions from one country affect all others, and impacts like rising sea levels or extreme weather events demand a unified response. Without shared commitment, individual national efforts may prove insufficient.
Based on the passage, what is one significant challenge faced when trying to achieve international cooperation to combat global warming?
Câu 29: Your school is organizing a campaign to reduce its carbon footprint. During a brainstorming session, the teacher asks for practical ideas that students can implement. Which of the following suggestions would be most practical and impactful for students at school?
Câu 30: Imagine you are talking to a friend who is skeptical about global warming and doesn't believe it's a serious threat. What is one specific and respectful approach you could use to try and convince them of the importance of addressing climate change?
Câu 31: Bạn đang tham gia một cuộc thảo luận nhóm về các giải pháp chống biến đổi khí hậu. Một bạn học đưa ra ý kiến rằng việc chuyển sang sử dụng phương tiện giao thông công cộng sẽ giúp giảm lượng khí thải carbon đáng kể. Tuy nhiên, một bạn khác lại bày tỏ sự lo ngại về chất lượng dịch vụ và sự bất tiện của phương tiện công cộng hiện tại ở địa phương. Bạn sẽ phản hồi như thế nào để vừa thừa nhận mối lo ngại đó, vừa tiếp tục khuyến khích ý tưởng sử dụng phương tiện công cộng?
Câu 32: Bạn đang viết một đoạn văn ngắn để kết luận bài luận về tầm quan trọng của việc giảm thiểu rác thải nhựa trong cuộc chiến chống biến đổi khí hậu. Hãy hoàn thành câu kết luận sau, sử dụng một cụm từ nối phù hợp để tóm tắt và nhấn mạnh luận điểm chính:
"______, việc giảm thiểu rác thải nhựa không chỉ là hành động bảo vệ môi trường mà còn là một bước đi thiết yếu hướng tới một tương lai bền vững hơn cho hành tinh của chúng ta."
"______, việc giảm thiểu rác thải nhựa không chỉ là hành động bảo vệ môi trường mà còn là một bước đi thiết yếu hướng tới một tương lai bền vững hơn cho hành tinh của chúng ta."
Câu 33: Bạn đang tham gia một buổi tranh luận ở trường với chủ đề 'Hành động cá nhân có hiệu quả hơn chính sách của chính phủ trong việc chống biến đổi khí hậu'. Bạn đứng về phía ủng hộ hành động cá nhân. Phát biểu nào sau đây sẽ hỗ trợ tốt nhất cho quan điểm của bạn và khuyến khích người khác suy nghĩ về tác động của chính họ?
Câu 34: Chọn câu chủ đề (topic sentence) hiệu quả nhất cho một đoạn văn thảo luận về lợi ích môi trường của việc giảm tiêu thụ thịt để chống lại sự nóng lên toàn cầu.
Câu 35: Bạn đang thiết kế một khẩu hiệu cho chiến dịch 'Giờ Trái Đất' của trường. Hãy viết một câu ngắn gọn, súc tích (dưới 15 từ) để khuyến khích học sinh tắt đèn và các thiết bị điện tử không cần thiết trong một giờ để tiết kiệm năng lượng và góp phần chống biến đổi khí hậu.
Câu 36: Trong một buổi thảo luận nhóm về các tác động của biến đổi khí hậu ở địa phương, bạn muốn đề xuất một hành động cụ thể mà cộng đồng có thể thực hiện để thích nghi với tình trạng hạn hán ngày càng tăng. Đề xuất nào sau đây là thiết thực và hiệu quả nhất?
Câu 37: Bạn đang nói chuyện với một người bạn còn hoài nghi về tác động của biến đổi khí hậu. Bạn muốn giải thích một cách ngắn gọn, dễ hiểu về một hậu quả nghiêm trọng của việc tan băng ở các cực. Hãy viết một câu đơn giản (dưới 15 từ) để giải thích điều này.
Câu 38: Bạn đang viết một bài luận về các giải pháp toàn cầu để chống lại sự nóng lên toàn cầu. Câu nào sau đây sẽ là câu chủ đề (thesis statement) hiệu quả nhất cho bài luận của bạn?
Câu 39: Hoàn thành câu sau với một từ hoặc cụm từ nối (linking word/phrase) phù hợp để thể hiện mối quan hệ đối lập hoặc tương phản: 'Nhiều quốc gia đang nỗ lực giảm phát thải carbon; ______, lượng khí nhà kính toàn cầu vẫn tiếp tục tăng lên đáng báo động.'
Câu 40: Chọn cách tốt nhất để kết hợp hai câu sau thành một câu duy nhất, đảm bảo sự rõ ràng và mạch lạc: 'Biến đổi khí hậu đang gây ra các hiện tượng thời tiết cực đoan. Những hiện tượng này bao gồm lũ lụt, hạn hán và bão lớn.'
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